1. Do you see the little blue hash mark at the end of each cell? It's the “End of Story” marker, but dubs for End of Cell.
2. Do you see three of them floating in the space, right next to the cells-that-you-think are actual cells?
3. If you press Cmd+Ctrl+H (the default shortcut for “Show/Hide Frame Edges”), do you get to see thin blue lines, outlining the actual table cells?
If you answer all of the above with “Yes”, you will see that the Table Setup is not lying, and in fact your bizarre table is just what it says: two columns, six rows. The fact that not every cell has a visible border is throwing you off guard here.
So all you have to do to make the second column match the first is:
a. Give every cell a stroke. Check the cells in the left column for its width.
b. Remove the grayish fill of the cells.
You realize that it won't make this right column suddenly have six rows of data, right? These suddenly visible “new” cells will be empty.