Taylor – in windows, the font has its internal name (eg “Times New Roman Bold”) and its actual filename “timesbd_1.ttf”. If two fonts have the same internal name, you can have problems when trying to install the newer one. You have to delete the original font completely from the system, reboot (just to be safe) then install the new version. And just deleting the font can be a chore… sometimes windows doesn’t allow it. Here’s a link detailing how to deal with that: https://superuser.com/questions/166913/how-to-delete-a-font-in-windows-7-that-is-still-in-use
Additionally, if you’re sure you cleared the old version and replaced with the new version, the old version might have specific glyphs that are not present in the new version. Somehow ID seems to cache these. I think adobe apps cache fonts in general, using files named something.LST …deleting the .lst files clears the cache, but do this at your own risk.
Finally, if you send a file to someone else that calls on the font, and that person has the old version installed… it will just use that old version because it has the same internal name. Both users have to have the new version installed… or else you need to send them a PDF with the font embedded.