According to spelling rules in my language (Croatian) hyphen is spelling symbol which is written without whites on the left and on the right. Dash (en dash and em dash) is spelling symbol which is written with whites on the left and on the right (exception: writing a page in bibliographic data, dashes are written without whites).
Interesting online book: Butterick’s Practical Typography (https://practicaltypography.com/index.html#toc) and some information about hyphens and dashes https://practicaltypography.com/hyphens-and-dashes.html