I also have this problem.

I'm pretty sure it started after a Windows update? It's not a file association problem, if you double click an indesign file in Bridge, it will open Indesign but not the file. Dragging and dropping from Bridge will work (AdanNada – if you already have a file open you can drag another into the grey area at the top to open). I also can no longer open excel files by double clicking in Bridge. If I try to open an excel file called (for example) “Product List” – it tries to open a file called “Product” and another file called “List” – and can't find either obviously.

All of my files open fine by double clicking in explorer or by opening from within the program.