> I know there is a preflight option to check for images that are not at their original proportions, but that?s not what I need.
Correct. “Proportions” don’t say anything about an image’s resolution.
The option that you DO need is under “IMAGES and OBJECTS”, “Image Resolution”, then check all three of Colour, Grayscale, and 1-bit Image Minimum resolution and fill in your preferred values.
> Oh yes, and am I right in assuming that just clicking the loaded cursor should place an image at 100% of its original size?
Yes, usually that’s the case. But at times I have found InDesign mis-reading the resolution information inside images, and, for example, got something interpreted as “1 dpi”. So suddenly an image placed at “100%” was 20 square meters large — according to InDesign.
If you are going to resize figures anyway, you might as well not click-and-place but click-drag-a-box instead, when placing a new image. After placing, you can always check the dpi in the Info panel and/or the scaling in the Control panel.